다음 그림들은 전자책 파이썬과 함께하는 미분적분의 7장에 수록된 그래프들과 코드들입니다.
import numpy as np 
import pandas as pd
from sympy import *
import matplotlib.pyplot as plt
import seaborn as sns
sns.set_style("darkgrid")
def axisTran(ax):
    ax.spines['left'].set_position(("data", 0))
    ax.spines['bottom'].set_position(("data", 0))
    ax.spines['right'].set_visible(False)
    ax.spines['top'].set_visible(False)
#그림 7.1.1
a=symbols("a")
f=(a-1)*(a-2)*(a-5)+5
x=np.linspace(0.5,5, 100)
y=[f.subs(a, i) for i in x]
fig,ax=plt.subplots(figsize=(4,3))
ax.plot(x, y ,color="g", label="f(x)")
idx=np.linspace(0, 99, 7).astype(int)
for i in range(1, len(idx)):
    x0=x[[(idx[i-1]),idx[i]]]
    y0=[f.subs(a, i) for i in x0]
    ax.scatter(x0, y0, s=50, c="b")
    ax.plot(x0, y0, ls="dashed", color="r")
    ax.text(x[(idx[i-1])]+0.2, f.subs(a, x[(idx[i-1])]), f"p{i-1}" , color="b")
ax.text(x[(idx[6])], f.subs(a, x[(idx[6])])+0.5, "p6" , color="b")
ax.vlines(0.5, f.subs(a, 0.5), 0,ls="dashed", alpha=0.7, color="gray")
ax.vlines(5, 0, float(f.subs(a, 5)), ls="dashed", alpha=0.7, color="gray")
axisTran(ax)
ax.set_xlabel("x", fontsize=11)
ax.set_xticks([0.5, 5], ["a", "b"])
ax.set_yticks([])
ax.set_ylabel("f(x)", rotation="horizontal", labelpad=10, fontsize=11)
ax.legend(loc=(0.6, 0.8))
plt.show()
#그림 7.2.1
x=np.linspace(0, 1, 100)
f=np.sqrt(x)
g=-f
plt.figure(figsize=(4,3))
plt.fill_between(x, f , color="g", alpha=0.5, label="f(x)")
plt.fill_between(x, g, color="r", alpha=0.3, label="g(x)=-f(x)")
plt.vlines(1, 0, 1, color="b", ls="--",lw=2)
plt.text(1.05, 0.5, "radius\nof body")
plt.xlabel("x", fontsize=11)
plt.xlim((0, 1.2))
plt.ylabel("y", rotation="horizontal", labelpad=10, fontsize=11)
plt.legend(loc=(0.05, 0.8), frameon=False)
plt.show()
#그림 7.2.5
x=np.linspace(-1, 4, 100)
f=x**2-2*x
g=x
plt.figure(figsize=(4,3))
plt.plot(x, f , color="g", label=r"$f(x)=x^2-2x$")
plt.plot(x, g, color="b", label="g(x)=x")
x0=np.linspace(0, 3, 50)
plt.fill_between(x0, x0**2-2*x0, x0, color="brown", alpha=0.3)
plt.hlines(4, -1, 4, color="r", ls="--", label="axis of rotation")
plt.vlines(1, 1, 4, color="k")
plt.text(0.7, 2.2, r"$r_2$", fontsize=11)
plt.vlines(1.5, 1.5**2-2*1.5, 4, color="k")
plt.text(1.6, 2.2, r"$r_1$", fontsize=11)
plt.xlabel("x", fontsize=11)
plt.ylabel("y", rotation="horizontal", labelpad=10, fontsize=11)
plt.legend(loc=(0.3, 0.7), labelcolor=["g" ,"b", "r"], frameon=False)
plt.show()
#그림 7.3.1
tab=pd.Series([7/20, 6/20, 4/20, 3/20], index=['Black',"Yellow",'Green', 'Red'])
plt.figure(figsize=(4,3))
plt.bar(["Black", "Yellow","Green","Red"], tab, color="brown", alpha=0.5)
plt.xticks(color="brown")
plt.ylabel("probability", rotation="horizontal", labelpad=30)
plt.show()
#그림 7.3.2
x1, x2=np.linspace(2, 4, 60), np.linspace(4, 5, 20)
y1, y2=np.repeat(1/3, 60), np.repeat(1/3, 20)
fig,ax=plt.subplots(figsize=(4,3))
ax.fill_between(x1, y1, color="b", alpha=0.3, label=r"Area=$\frac{2}{3}$ A")
ax.fill_between(x2, y2, color="r", alpha=0.3, label=r"Area=$\frac{1}{3}$ A")
axisTran(ax)
ax.set_xlabel("x", fontsize=11)
ax.set_xlim((0, 5.3))
ax.set_ylabel("Probability", labelpad=10, fontsize=11)
ax.legend(loc=(0.01, 0.7), labelcolor=["b", "r"], frameon=False)
plt.show()
#그림 7.3.3
x=np.linspace(0,3, 100)
f=2*np.exp(-2*x)
fig,ax=plt.subplots(figsize=(4,3))
ax.fill_between(x, f, color="g", alpha=0.3, label="f(x)=2exp(-2x)")
ax.text(0.1, 0.3, "area=1", color="k")
axisTran(ax)
ax.set_xlabel("x", fontsize=11)
ax.set_ylabel("f(x)", rotation="horizontal",labelpad=10, fontsize=11)
ax.legend(loc=(0.4, 0.3), labelcolor="g", frameon=False)
plt.show()
#그림 7.3.4
x=np.linspace(-2,2, 100)
g=np.exp(-x**2)
plt.figure(figsize=(4,3))
plt.fill_between(x, g, color="g", alpha=0.3, label=r"$g(x)=2exp(-x^2)$")
plt.xlabel("x", fontsize=11)
plt.ylabel("g(x)", rotation="horizontal",labelpad=10, fontsize=11)
plt.legend(loc=(0.6, 0.9), labelcolor="g", frameon=False)
plt.show()
#그림 7.3.5
x=np.linspace(-3,3, 100)
f=np.exp(-x**2/2)/np.sqrt(2*np.pi)
plt.figure(figsize=(4,3))
plt.fill_between(x, f, color="g", alpha=0.3, label=r"$f(x)=\frac{1}{2\pi}exp(-\frac{x^2}{2})$")
plt.text(0.1, 0.02, r"$\int^\infty_{-\infty}f(x)=1(area)$")
plt.xlabel("x", fontsize=11)
plt.ylabel("f(x)", rotation="horizontal",labelpad=10, fontsize=11)
plt.legend(loc=(0.6, 0.9), labelcolor="g", frameon=False)
plt.show()
#그림 7.3.6
a, mu, s=symbols("a, mu, s")
f=1/(s*sqrt(2*pi))*exp(-1/2*((a-mu)/s)**2)
x=np.linspace(-6, 6, 100)
fig,(ax1, ax2)=plt.subplots(nrows=1, ncols=2, figsize=(8,3))
col=["g","b","r"]
for i,j in enumerate([-2, 0, 2]):
    y=[f.subs({a:k, mu:j, s:1}) for k in x]
    ax1.plot(x, y, color=col[i], label=f"N({j}, 1)")
ax1.set_xlabel("x\n(a)", fontsize=11)
ax1.set_ylabel("y", rotation="horizontal", labelpad=10,fontsize=11)
ax1.legend(loc=(0.7, 0.7), labelcolor="linecolor", frameon=False)
for i,j in enumerate([0.5, 1, 2]):
    y=[f.subs({a:k, mu:0, s:j}) for k in x]
    ax2.plot(x, y, color=col[i], label=f"N(0, {j})")
ax2.set_xlabel("x\n(b)", fontsize=11)
ax2.legend(loc=(0.6, 0.7), labelcolor="linecolor", frameon=False)
plt.show()
#그림 7.3.7
x=np.linspace(-3,3, 100)
f=np.exp(-x**2/2)/np.sqrt(2*np.pi)
plt.figure(figsize=(4,3))
plt.plot(x, f, color="g", label="N(0, 1)")
x1=np.linspace(-3,0, 100)
f1=np.exp(-x1**2/2)/np.sqrt(2*np.pi)
plt.fill_between(x1, f1, color="g", alpha=0.3, label="area=0.5")
plt.xlabel("x", fontsize=11)
plt.ylabel("f(x)", rotation="horizontal", labelpad=10, fontsize=11)
plt.legend(loc="best", labelcolor="g", frameon=False)
plt.show()
#그림 7.3.8
a=symbols("a")
f=exp(-a**2/2)/sqrt(2*pi)
x=np.linspace(-3,3, 100)
fig,(ax1, ax2)=plt.subplots(nrows=1, ncols=2, figsize=(8,3))
y=[float(f.subs(a, i)) for i in x]
ax1.plot(x, y, color="g", label="N(0, 1)")
x1=np.linspace(-3, -1.75, 30)
y1=[float(f.subs(a, i)) for i in x1]
ax1.fill_between(x1, y1, color="g", alpha=0.3)
ax1.legend(loc="best", labelcolor="g", frameon=False)
ax1.set_xlabel("x", fontsize=11)
ax1.set_xticks([-3, -1.75, 3], ["-oo", -1.75, "oo"])
ax1.set_ylabel("f(x)", rotation="horizontal",labelpad=10, fontsize=11)
ax2.plot(x, y, color="g", label="N(0, 1)")
x2=np.linspace(-3,2.25, 60)
y2=[float(f.subs(a, i)) for i in x2]
ax2.fill_between(x2, y2, color="g", alpha=0.3)
ax2.set_xlabel("x", fontsize=11)
ax2.set_xticks([-3, 2.25, 3], ["-oo", 2.25, "oo"])
ax2.legend(loc="best", labelcolor="g",  frameon=False)
plt.show()











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