작성된 그림은 전자책 파이썬과 함께하는 미분적분에서 Chapter 5.1에서 소개한 여러 그래프들과 그 코드입니다.
import numpy as np from sympy import * import matplotlib.pyplot as plt import seaborn as sns
def tgline(slope, x0, y0, x): b=y0-slope*x0 re=slope*x+b return(re) def scantline(x0, y0, x1, y1, x): s, b=symbols("s, b") eq1=x0*s+b-y0 eq2=x1*s+b-y1 re=solve([eq1, eq2], (s, b)) re1=float(re[s])*x+float(re[b]) return(re1)
CH 5.1
#그림 5.1.1 x=np.linspace(-4,4, 100) y=x**2 plt.figure(figsize=(4, 3)) plt.plot(x, y, color="g", label=r"f(x)=$x^2$") for i in np.arange(-3, 4): if i==-1: nme=r"$\frac{df(x)}{dx} < 0$" elif i==1: nme=r"$\frac{df(x)}{dx} \geq 0$" else: nme="" plt.plot(x, tgline(2*i, i, i**2, x), ls="--", alpha=0.5, color=['r' if i < 0 else 'b'][0], label=nme) plt.xlabel("x", loc="right", fontsize="11") plt.ylabel("y", rotation="horizontal", loc="top", fontsize="11") plt.ylim([-2, 10]) plt.legend(loc="best", labelcolor=['g','r', 'b']) plt.show()
#그림 5.1.2 x=np.linspace(-4,4, 100) y=x**2 plt.figure(figsize=(4, 3)) plt.plot(x, y, color="g", label=r"f(x)=$x^2$") plt.plot(x, scantline(-1,1, -3, 9, x), ls="--", lw=2, alpha=0.6, color="b") plt.plot(x, scantline(1,1,3,9, x), ls="--", lw=2, alpha=0.6, color="r") px, py=[(-3,-1,3, 1), (9, 1, 9, 1)] nme=['a', 'b', 'c', 'd'] col=['b','b','r','r'] for i in range(4): plt.scatter(px[i], py[i], s=50, c=col[i]) plt.text(px[i]+0.2, py[i], f"({nme[i]}, f({nme[i]}))", color=col[i]) plt.hlines(0, -4, 4, lw=0.7, color="gray") plt.vlines(0, -3, 16, lw=0.7, color="gray") plt.xlabel("x", fontsize="11") plt.ylabel("y", rotation="horizontal", fontsize="11") plt.xticks([]) plt.yticks([]) plt.ylim([-2, 12]) plt.legend(loc=(0.5, 0.8), labelcolor='g', frameon=False) plt.show()
#그림 5.1.3 a=symbols('a') f=(a-1)*(a-2)*(a-3) df=diff(f, a) sol=solve(df, a) x=np.linspace(0, 6, 100) y=[f.subs(a, i) for i in x] y1=[df.subs(a, i) for i in x] plt.figure(figsize=(4, 3)) plt.plot(x, y, color="g", label="f(x)=(x-1)(x-2)(x-4)") plt.plot(x, y1, color="b", label=r"$\frac{df(x)}{dx}=3x^2-12x+11$") plt.scatter([sol[0], sol[1]], [df.subs(a, sol[0]), df.subs(a, sol[1])], c="r", s=50,label=r"$\frac{df(x)}{dx}=0$") plt.xlabel("x", fontsize="11") plt.ylabel("y", rotation="horizontal", fontsize="11") plt.ylim([-2, 3]) plt.legend(loc=(0.7, 0.6), labelcolor=['g','b']) plt.show()
#그림 5.1.4 x=np.linspace(-1, 1, 100) f=x**2 y=tgline(2*0.3, 0.3, 0.09, x) y1=tgline(2*(-0.3), -0.3, 0.09, x) plt.figure(figsize=(4, 3)) plt.plot(x, f, color="g", label=r"f(x)=$x^2$") plt.plot(x, y1, ls="--", alpha=0.6, color="b") plt.plot(x, y, ls="--", alpha=0.6, color="r") plt.scatter(-0.3, 0.09, color="b", s=50,label="A") plt.scatter(0,0, color="k", s=50,label="B(cv, min)") plt.scatter(0.3, 0.09, color="r", s=50,label="C") plt.xlabel("x", fontsize="11") plt.ylabel("y", rotation="horizontal", fontsize="11") plt.ylim([-0.5,0.5]) plt.legend(loc="best", labelcolor=['g','b','k','r']) plt.show()
#그림 5.1.5 x=np.linspace(-10, 10, 100) a=symbols("a") f=a**4-6*a**3-8*a**2+2 df=f.diff(a) sol=solve(df, a) y=[f.subs(a, i) for i in x] y1=[df.subs(a, i) for i in x] plt.figure(figsize=(4, 3)) plt.plot(x, y, color="g", label="f(x)") plt.plot(x, y1, color="b", label=r"$\frac{df(x)}{dx}$") plt.scatter(sol[0], f.subs(a, sol[0]), s=50, c='r', label="A") plt.scatter(sol[1], f.subs(a, sol[1]), s=50, c='brown', label="B") plt.scatter(sol[2], f.subs(a, sol[2]), s=50, c='orange', label="C") plt.xlabel("x", fontsize="11") plt.ylabel("y", rotation="horizontal", fontsize="11") plt.ylim([-400, 400]) plt.legend(loc="best", labelcolor=['g','b','k','r'], frameon=False) plt.show()
#그림 5.1.6 x=np.linspace(-2, 3, 100) a=symbols("a") f=2*a**3-3*a**2-12*a+12 df=f.diff(a) sol=solve(df, a) y=[f.subs(a, i) for i in x] y1=[df.subs(a, i) for i in x] plt.figure(figsize=(4, 3)) plt.plot(x, y, color="g", label="f(x)") plt.plot(x, y1, color="b", label=r"$\frac{df(x)}{dx}$") plt.scatter(sol[0], f.subs(a, sol[0]), s=50, c='r', label="A") plt.scatter(sol[1], f.subs(a, sol[1]), s=50, c='brown', label="B") plt.xlabel("x", fontsize="11") plt.ylabel("y", rotation="horizontal", fontsize="11") plt.legend(loc='best', labelcolor=['g','b','k','r']) plt.show()
#그림 5.1.7 a=symbols('a') f=2*a**3-a**4 df=f.diff(a) sol=solve(df, a) x=np.linspace(-2, 3, 100) y=[f.subs(a, i) for i in x] y1=[df.subs(a, i) for i in x] plt.figure(figsize=(4, 3)) plt.plot(x, y, color="g", label="f(x)") plt.plot(x, y1, color="b", label=r"$\frac{df(x)}{dx}$") plt.scatter(sol[0], f.subs(a, sol[0]), s=50, c='r', label="A") plt.scatter(sol[1], f.subs(a, sol[1]), s=50, c='brown', label="B") plt.xlabel("x", fontsize="11") plt.ylabel("y", rotation="horizontal",fontsize="11") plt.ylim([-5, 5]) plt.legend(loc="best", labelcolor="linecolor") plt.show()
#그림 5.1.8 x1=np.linspace(-2, 1.999, 30) x2=np.linspace(2.001, 10, 70) y1=np.cbrt((x1-2)**2)+1 y2=np.cbrt((x2-2)**2)+1 plt.figure(figsize=(4, 3)) plt.plot(x1, y1, color="g", label="f(x)") plt.plot(x2, y2, color="g") plt.scatter(2, 1, s=50, c='white', edgecolors="k") plt.xlabel("x", fontsize="11") plt.ylabel("y", rotation="horizontal",fontsize="11") plt.legend(loc="best", labelcolor="g") plt.show()
#그림 5.1.9 t=symbols('t', positive=True) p=(1-exp(-0.004*t))*1000000*500-1000000*t dp=p.diff(t) cp=solve(dp, t) x=np.linspace(0, 500, 500) y=[p.subs(t, i) for i in x] y1=[dp.subs(t, i) for i in x] f, ax=plt.subplots(1,1, figsize=(4,3)) plt.plot(x, y, color="g") plt.scatter(cp[0], p.subs(t, cp[0]), s=30, c="r", label="Maximum") plt.xlabel("t") plt.ylabel("p(t)", rotation="horizontal", color="g") plt.legend(loc="best") ax2=ax.twinx() plt.plot(x, y1, ls="dashed", color="b", label=r"$\frac{dp(t)}{dt}$") plt.ylabel(r"$\frac{dp(t)}{dt}$", rotation="horizontal", color="b") plt.show()
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